Watched a few different film versions of
Hamlet a few weeks ago.
Kenneth Branagh (1996): To start with negatives, there are a couple of interpretive decisions in this version that I strongly disagree with. One is the wantonly cruel actions Polonius takes towards Ophelia, like shoving her into a corner while questioning her about her relationship with Hamlet and forcing her to read the letter she received from him aloud to the king. I don’t think this is a good interpretation of Polonius as a character: Shakespeare wrote him as being gregarious and foolish but well-meaning, and there’s no basis for inserting this kind of cruelty. The sexuality in the movie (mainly the sex scene between Hamlet and Ophelia) was also unnecessary and not something I wanted to see.
The acting and production were generally good. Branagh is a rather angry Hamlet compared to the others and at times bombastic, but I think that the grandiose interpretations are in some places
exactly what’s needed, for example, Hamlet’s
Act 4, Scene 4 soliloquy (after seeing Fortinbras’ troops advancing on Poland; ends with “My thoughts be bloody, or be nothing worth!”). That particular scene was extremely well-done and is probably my favorite in this film. This version also had the best Horatio and by far the best Claudius out of the three versions I watched; Derek Jacobi does a great job of bringing out both the winsome side of Claudius’ personality and his basically evil and vicious character. Also, it took advantage of the film medium to show flashbacks and cut to things going on in other places, which one would not be able to do on stage. These are usually helpful and make good contributions; for example, during Act 5 there’s an occasional cut to the Norwegian troops marching on Elsinore, which significantly improves the tension and excitement throughout the end of the movie.
In the end, though, what really makes this film
the definitive film Hamlet is the fact that every single line in the play was included (though a few are shuffled around slightly, and who says the lines is also occasionally changed, e.g. Ophelia being made to read her letters from Hamlet aloud). As a result it is four hours long and not something that I would want to watch in a single sitting, but for a complete film Hamlet it is the only possible choice.
David Tennant Hamlet (2009): a modernized version made by the Royal Shakespeare Company. This film did a great job of bringing out some moments of humor. However, I’m not fond of the way that the dumb-show was interpreted (again, unnecessarily sexualized). As far as the acting goes, one reviewer referred to Tennant as being too “weepy,” and in some places I see his point (he’s also amusingly snarky in Act 1, Scene 2), but overall Tennant does a fine job. Patrick Stewart as Claudius does not convincingly come across as evil even when he is doing horrible, wicked things like scheming up ways to have Hamlet put to death. Also, Laertes came across as a bit flat. On the other hand, in this version the scene where Ophelia is mad and distributes flowers to the other characters was extremely well-done (possibly my favorite scene from this movie), and out of the three versions I watched this was the only one in which she distributed them correctly according to their symbolic meanings. Ophelia was interpreted in pretty much the same way in every version, but I would pick Ophelia in this version as my favorite by a slim margin, and for the interactions between Hamlet and Ophelia I definitely prefer this film over the other two. Also, the fencing match in this version was by far my favorite out of the three; it seemed the most like a real fencing match and wasn’t over-the-top like Branagh’s.
Lines were cut in order to keep the running time down to three hours, and probably more than half of the cuts work fine and are done smoothly and logically. However, there’s some major shuffling around of the order of some of the scenes of the play, and also some of the lines are cut in ways that don’t make sense—usually it results in a line that doesn’t logically follow from what was said before (because the lines that preceded it in the original were cut), and there’s also one place where Laertes’ line is changed in such a way that he says pretty much the exact opposite of what he really says in the play.
Franco Zeffirelli and Mel Gibson (1990): “Well, that was
sort of like Hamlet” was my overall reaction. This movie was only 2 hours long, which meant that a full half of the play was cut out. In the Tennant version the cuts and shuffled scenes are somewhat unfortunate, but in this version the way that Zeffirelli rearranges scenes is downright ridiculous (“Get thee to a nunnery” shows up during the mousetrap play), and the huge amount of lines that were cut really hamstrings the movie as an adaption of the play. For example, Horatio, who is an extremely key character, says almost nothing in the entire movie because all his lines are cut out. My other big complaint with this movie is the way that the closet scene with Gertrude is so extremely sexualized.
On the positive side, Mel Gibson does just fine as Hamlet (convincingly low-spirited and depressed), the supporting cast was also good, the faithful medieval setting and costumes were a joy to behold (the movie was actually filmed at a castle in Denmark; the movie recreates the time period in which the story of Hamlet actually took place), and there were some helpful scenes at the beginning showing old Hamlet’s funeral to give background for the events leading up to the point at which the play begins. Also, this movie has a teenage boy play the role of the queen in the mousetrap play, which is really cool because the mousetrap play in the movie recreates what plays in Shakespeare’s day would have been like (costumes but no backdrops, all-male cast). Finally, out of the three this film has my favorite rendition of the “To be or not to be” soliloquy, which was very appropriately set in a crypt; that decision supports and supplements the meaning of what Hamlet is saying.
Overall, comparing all three, my opinion drops in proportion to how many lines are cut. Even cutting the Fortinbras subplot, which is arguably the least important of all the subplots in the play, really leaves the play with an inconclusive feeling. Elizabethan tragedies typically do not simply end with a bloody mess; there’s usually someone who comes in at the end who is going to restore order after the fall of the tragic hero and whoever else died. To leave this part of the final scene out, as both Tennant and Zeffirelli do, just does not feel right (come to think of it, it was kind of weird that Tennant included most of the Fortinbras subplot and only cut out that final part of Act 5, Scene 2; one would think that after going to the trouble of including the rest of the Fortinbras subplot it would be worthwhile to go all the way and include his appearance at the end). So in the end that is the single deciding factor that makes me prefer Branagh's version over the other two. This would be a good place to say which actor I prefer as Hamlet, but there isn’t really one that I prefer over the others in every aspect; the three interpretations of Hamlet are all quite different from each other, and they all have some parts that I like and some parts about which I’m less enthusiastic. None of the film versions truly got Ophelia’s character right, though: in the play she’s clearly portrayed as being meek, gentle, and obedient, whereas in each of these versions she’s portrayed as being far too strong. I guess nobody wants to portray an important female character as being weak, but, well, while there are plenty of strong women in Shakespeare, Ophelia just is not one of them.
I had thought about watching the Sir Laurence Olivier version because it is so highly-regarded and (though apparently this is the version that started the whole trend of interpreting the closet scene in an Oedipal way, which each of the version I watched followed to some degree or another) and still might sooner or later, but even just these three is more than enough film Hamlet for a while, I think.